Oral Evidence must in all cases be direct. If it refers to a fact which could be seen, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he saw it.
If it refers to a fact which could be heard, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he heard it.
If it refers to a fact which could be perceived by any other sense or in any other manner, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he perceived it by that sense or in that manner if it refers to an opinion or to the grounds on which that opinion is held, it must be the evidence of the person who holds that opinion on those grounds.
However, the opinions of experts expressed in any treatise commonly offered for sale and the grounds on which such opinions are held, may be proved by the production of such treatises if the author is dead and cannot be found or has become incapable of giving evidence, or cannot be called as a witness without an amount of delay which the Court regards as unreasonable.
If oral evidence refers to the existence or conditions of any material thing other than a document, the Court may require the production of such material thing for its inspection.
